Post-5580

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#7
Azalae 13 November 2003 jam 9:07am  

Honey, please don't work too hard. :arrow: Sayang, jangan bekerja terlalu berat.

sayang :: you know already. :D
jangan :: do not
bekerja :: to work
terlalu :: too. not too = also, as in: i am hungry too. but as in: it is too far.
berat :: heavy
kerja :: work
be-kerja --> bekerja :: to work

A short grammar lesson

First, to understand one of the major indo characteristic -- the (excessive) use of prefices and suffices -- you must keep an open mind. Explaining them in English will be difficult since English do not have their counterparts. So I'll give many examples of how they're used. Also remember that local slangs and dialects have influences.

Dictionaries, especially the electronic ones and those on the internet, mostly (not all) only list the base words. You can use them as references for the base words to combine with prefices and suffices I'm going to explain.

Because of the number of prefices and suffices -- and their variations -- we will cover them in several lessons. Now, today's prefix would be: 'di-'.

'di-' prefix

The easiest and most straight forward one. Anything prefixed by 'di-' becomes a passive verb.

ambil :: take
di-ambil --> diambil :: be taken

makan :: eat
dimakan :: be eaten

tarik :: pull
ditarik :: be pulled

A caution note. There are two types of 'di'.
(1) as a prefix.
(2) as a reference particle (at/on/in), e.g.
di rumah -- at home
di restoran -- at a restaurant
di lantai 10 -- on level 10
di taman -- in the park
di new york -- in new york

Can you see the difference? Try to find it.

Here's the answer. The difference is: one is connected with the (base) words, the other is not -- separated by a space.

All prefices are connected. 'diambil' <-- is a 'di-' prefix. 'di rumah' <-- is a reference particle. Even indonesians people confuse this and write connect the words (become a prefix) when they mean a particle (should not be connected).

Again to clarify. If it's connected, then it's a 'di-' prefix. If not connected, then particle at/on/in.

There is 'be-' prefix in the translation you requested. I will explain at later lessons because it is one of the hardest prefix. Just a short snap of it. This is not a complete explaination so don't worry if confused.

'be-' prefix normally it precedes a noun or adjective.

Saya sedang bekerja. -- I currently to work -- I am working.
sedang :: (if you remember from the past lessons) is used to indicate a continuous tense, i.e. the '-ing' part in English.

Saya bekerja di kantor itu. -- I to work at office that -- I work in that office.

Mari pergi bersama -- Let us go together.
sama :: same
be-sama --> bersama :: be together
Notice how 'be-' turnend into 'ber-'? It's for pronounciation purpose. A long long time ago someone decided 'bersama' sounds better than 'besama'.

Dia belajar di kamar. -- He studies in (the) room.
dia :: he/she
ajar :: teach
be-ajar --> bel--ajar --> belajar :: to study
kamar :: room

Pohon mangga itu berbuah banyak. -- Tree mango that to have fruit many. -- That mango tree has produced many fruits.
pohon :: tree
mangga :: mango
buah :: fruit
be-buah --> ber-buah --> berbuah :: to have/produce fruit. Used for fruit trees. Only for fruits, not other harvests. E.g. can't use it for grains.